Which microorganism is known for causing gastroenteritis through contaminated water?

Norovirus is a highly contagious virus recognized for causing gastroenteritis, which is characterized by inflammation of the stomach and intestines. It is often transmitted through contaminated food and water, as well as surfaces. Norovirus is particularly resilient and can survive on various surfaces and withstand many standard disinfection methods, which contributes to its spread in environments like contaminated water sources.

While Escherichia coli can also lead to gastroenteritis and is typically associated with food contamination, certain strains can be transmitted via water as well. However, Norovirus is specifically noteworthy for its role in outbreaks related to contaminated water, especially in cruise ships and public events.

Clostridium botulinum primarily causes foodborne illness related to improperly canned foods and does not typically cause gastroenteritis through water. Campylobacter is another pathogen that can cause gastrointestinal illness and is more commonly linked to undercooked poultry, although it can also be found in contaminated water. Nonetheless, the strongest association with gastroenteritis specifically through contaminated water sources is with Norovirus, making it the correct answer in this context.