Which component provides additional energy required during refuse incineration?

The component that provides the additional energy required during refuse incineration is additional fuel. Incineration is a thermal treatment process where waste materials are combusted to reduce their volume and generate energy. While solid waste itself is a primary source of energy through its combustible materials, it often does not produce sufficient energy to maintain optimal combustion temperatures or meet the energy demands of the incineration process, especially for large-scale operations.

Additional fuel can include oil, gas, or other combustible materials that are used to supplement the energy generated from the waste. This ensures that the incineration process operates efficiently and effectively, allowing for complete combustion and minimizing the formation of pollutants and ash.

The other choices don’t contribute to the energy needed for incineration in the same way. Solid waste itself is the material being burned, cooling agents might be used to manage temperatures rather than provide energy, and ash residues are the byproduct of the incineration process, not a source of energy.