Chlorination of untreated wastewater is typically NOT an effective treatment for which of the following?

Chlorination is a common disinfection method used to treat wastewater, but it is not always effective against all pathogens. In the context of untreated wastewater, specific protozoan cysts and helminth (worm) eggs exhibit varying levels of resistance to chlorine.

Entamoeba histolytica cysts and Giardia cysts are both protozoa that can form protective cysts, which can be resistant to chlorine, especially at lower concentrations and shorter contact times. These cysts can survive typical chlorination procedures, thereby posing a risk for transmission if the water is not adequately treated.

Similarly, tapeworm eggs are resilient to chlorination as well. They are surrounded by a tough outer shell that can withstand chlorination, making them another example of pathogens that are typically not effectively eliminated by this treatment.

Since all these pathogens exhibit resistance to chlorination, relying solely on chlorination for the treatment of untreated wastewater is often insufficient to ensure the elimination of all harmful microorganisms. This underscores the importance of using more advanced or additional treatment methods to ensure comprehensive disinfection and safety of wastewater, particularly when dealing with cysts and eggs that are resistant to chlorine. Thus, stating that chlorination of untreated wastewater is typically not effective for all these pathogens is accurate